Despite a low GDP and a high poverty ratio, the development paradox in Bangladesh continues to unfurl itself. Bangladesh has registered tremendous advances in the health sector, though its economic indicators continue to lag behind many countries. Explaining this paradox was Dr. Mushtaque Chowdhury, Senior Adviser and Associate Director, The Rockefeller Foundation, Bangkok, Thailand, and Professor of Population and Family Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, USA, at a seminar at the Asian Institute of Technology (AIT) on 6 December 2012.